retting of jute temperature
Bidirectional Jute fiber mats of thickness 0.4 mm are purchased from Chandra Prakash & Co. Jaipur, India. Summary: A total of 1,438 colonies of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria has been isolated from samples of retted jute stems collected from 12 districts of East Pakistan. Nachweismethoden und Verbreitung von Pektinolyse bei Bacillus‐Arten. Of these, 169 isolates have been purified and characterized. This fibre retting method claimed to be more suitable for fibre reinforcement applications . Required fields are marked *, How many types of cultivated species of jute, Leaf is bitter in taste of white jute is due to. Retting in a tank was appreciably hastened by using the same water for successive batches of jute. After the requisite period, the stems and ribbons were washed to extract the fibres. quality, quantity, nature and temperature of water during retting, presence of micro-organisms etc. They probably enter stems over the whole surface through stomata, as well as through cut ends and leaf scars, after immersion for retting. No changewasseen on the stem one dayafter inoculation. The end point of retting is determined by inspecting few stems, each day from tenth day … Again, efficiency of any particular method of retting depends upon the effect of different environmental factors. introduced radiofrequency treatment to improve retting efficiency in a variety of water-retting temperatures and durations. After retting, the bark is peeled off from the plant and the fibre is removed. Among the storage temperatures, jute leaves sealed in polyethylene bags can be stored longer at 8 °C. If you do not receive an email within 10 minutes, your email address may not be registered, polymyxa, five strains ofB. Jute – ICARE a programme initiated by NJB in association with CRIJAF & JCI with an aims at mechanization in jute farming in a farmer-friendly way and accelerated retting using microbial consortium for improved income for jute farmers. Prolonged immersion involves the risk of over-retting, probably because of the action of … After 10 days of bacterial retting, the stalks were washed in hot water, air dried, combed, and subjected to tests for fiber characteristics. Online Agriculture Test Series, Previous Year Question Paper Over retting results in dazed weak fiber. Jute Crop All Important Jute cultivation in red soils may require high dose of manure and pH range between 4.8 and 5.8 is best for its cultivation. River basins or alluvial or loamy soils are best for jute cultivation. Jute is an eco-friendly and bio-degradable natural product with no adverse effect on the environment. Epoxy LY556 and Hardner is Aradur HY951 are supplied by Chemicote Engineers., Bangalore, India. Under laboratory conditions the shortest period of retting, three days, was achieved with Bacillus polymyxa at a temperature of 40°. JUTE Introduction: Important natural fibre crop. 1). 30: Rib boning process is related to: Jute: 31: Beat- Break-jerk method used for: Fiber extraction: 32: National Institute for Research on Jute and Allied Fiber Technology is situated at : Kolkata Onthe 2nd day, slight bubbling occurred in the water of the tube. INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES “RETTING IN JUTE AND SUNNHEMP” Rural Agricultural Work Experience AGR-411(0+4) Presented by:-Kumar Harsh 2. Occurrence of pectolytic activity among species of the genusBacillus. Among the aerobes and facultative anaerobes, B. subtilis has been found to be the most common and B. macerans, B. polymyxa, Micrococcus corchorus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa the most active retting agents in East Pakistan. In retting process, a large amount of water is used. New questions in Environmental Sciences +27710971100 SSD CHEMICAL FOR CLEAN BLACK MONEY IN GAUTENG, LIMPOPO, MPUMALANGA, NORTH WEST, SSD Chemical Solution used to clean all type of black mo … ney, tainted and defaced … Applications of pectinases in the commercial sector: a review. 3500 to 4000) will be eliminated in this method. According to Mondal et al. Jute requires 160–200 cm of rainfall weekly with extra needed during the sowing period. • Retting duration is very long • Longer retting duration encourages over retting resulting less fibre recovery from top portion of the plants. High temperature of water quickens the process of retting. Temperatures ranging to more than 25 °C and relative humidity of 70%–90% are favorable for successful cultivation. • The strength of fibre is very poor. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology. • The pond can be used for fish cum paddy culture after retting. Please check your email for instructions on resetting your password. 1 at 110 days of growth was dry and free of mildew. Reinforcing Potential of Enzymatically Modified Natural Fibers. • The quality of fibre will be improved at least by 2 to 3 grade. Number of times cited according to CrossRef: 13. Raw material for packaging industries. Which country rank first in both area and production of jute in world. New Agriculture Vacancies (2008), they reported that to ret the 10,000kg of jute, almost 432m3of water is used. Good retting: 29: Optimum temperature required for retting is about: 34 °C. Agriculture Field Officer(IBPS-AFO). 28: Slow moving clear water best for. subtilis, three strains ofB. Most of the defects in fiber are due to faulty retting. Enter your email address below and we will send you your username, If the address matches an existing account you will receive an email with instructions to retrieve your username, By continuing to browse this site, you agree to its use of cookies as described in our, I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of Use. Jute requires a warm and humid climate with temperature between 24° C to 37° C. Constant rain or water-logging is harmful. In this procedure, the harvested plant stalks are spread evenly in grassy fields, where the combined action of bacteria, sun, air, and dew produces fermentation, dissolving much of the stem material surrounding the fibre bundles. A detailed description of the process of jute retting is given. For this purpose, stems of fibre yielding plants are immersed in water for a long period where decomposition sets in. Another type of water retting. Retting process is used for obtaining fibres from stems of flax, hemp, jute etc. Learn more. Further observations on the bacteriology of jute retting, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.1963.tb04761.x. Raw material. Dew retting, which is common in areas having limited water resources, is most effective in climates with heavy nighttime dews and warm daytime temperatures. Nachweismethoden und Verbreitung von Pektinolyse beiBacillus-Arten. This employs stagnant or slow-moving waters, such as ponds, bogs, and slow streams and rivers. After this, stripping, rinsing, washing and cleaning of … Zeitschrift für allgemeine Mikrobiologie. Use the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. For this purpose, stems of fibre yielding plants are immersed in water for long period where decomposition sets in. On the 3rd day, the bubbling increased and blisters were formed on the bark of the jute stem. Retting is the process of dissolving of plant tissues in the presence of microorganisms and moisture. Flow ever jute is grown widely in sandy loams and clay loams. 1. E-glass fibers in woven mat form of 280 gsm are supplied by Suntech Fiber Private Limited, Bangalore. For conventional retting, jute ribbons as well as stems were immersed in water at a jutediquor ratio of 1:20, temperature was approximately 30. Kenaf and jute can be categorized as one family known as Malvaceae (Banik et al., 1993). (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); Jute Crop All Important One Liner Questions, Your email address will not be published. retting in jute and sunnhemp 1. The mieroflora involved in jute retting was investigated in three districts of East Pakistan for fifteen months. Whole sterns were retted for 14 days and ribbons for 9 days. Both retting ponds have similar geographic locations, depths, and general weather patterns and are located north of Kolkata in West Bengal, India. Natural water retting = A type of water retting. Jute: 27: Retting is completes within : 8-30 days. Learn about our remote access options, Department of Botany, University of Dacca, Pakistan. A Review: Maceration in Relation to the Post‐harvest Handling and Processing of Plant Material. Under laboratory conditions the shortest period of retting, three days, was achieved withBacillus polymyxa at a temperature of 40°. and you may need to create a new Wiley Online Library account. Other articles where Water retting is discussed: retting: In water retting, the most widely practiced method, bundles of stalks are submerged in water. Retting of jute grown in arsenic contaminated area and consequent arsenic pollution in surface water bodies. Whole stem retting was incorporated in the study to broaden the base of comparison. Your email address will not be published. Prolonged immersion involves the risk of over-retting, probably because of the action of cellulolytic bacteria. Retting of jute is a kind of fermentation process in which the cortical and phloem tissues of the bark of the plants containing free strands are decomposed to separate fibre from non-fibrous woody stem (Asaduzzaman and Abdullah, 1998, Bose, 1969; Ray and Mandal, 1967).The fermentative microorganisms consume the cementing materials viz., the pectins, hemicelluloses and … are the controlling factors of jute retting. The new gray alluvial soil of good depth, receiving salt from annual floods, is best for jute. Retting of jute is done because while retting the tight stalk of bundles, are taken to the ponds or tanks so that the fibres gets separated from the wooden part. Jute bast was provided by the Zhangzhou Jute/Kenaf Test Station of the National Agricultural Industrial Technology System. Jute retting process is one of the important responsible factors for quality of jute fiber. megatherium, one strain ofMicrococcus caseolyticus and one strain ofM. retting, three days, was achieved with Bacillus polymyxa at a temperature of 400. Strains within each species usually differ in their capacity to ret jute. Bacterial retting was done in troughs at a temperature of 30 ± 2°C. Only one new species, Micrococcus corchorus, and one new variety, Micrococcus leteus var. The water, penetrating to the central stalk portion, swells the inner cells, bursting the outermost layer, thus increasing absorption of both moisture and decay-producing bacteria. Identification of Micrococcus sp. NABARD Norms Solar Photo Voltaic Pumping System. The jute bast from Corchorus capsularis Zhonghuangma No. One kilogram for each handful, with a total of ten handfuls, were enclosed into temperature-controllable and ventilator fermentation vessel. Natural water retting employs stagnant or slow-moving waters, such as ponds, bogs, and slow streams and rivers. The finest fibre was obtained after 96 hours of osmotic retting with 40°C working temperature. Active retting strains have been found to lose their retting activity, and it has been concluded that this loss may follow either from loss of adaptive enzymes or from mutations. ix. Retting in a tank was appreciably hastened by using the same water for successive batches of jute. Bundles of jute stems are kept in water for about 2 to 3 weeks for retting. Investigation of the bacterial retting community of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) under different conditions using next-generation semiconductor sequencing. Retting is facilitated by anaerobic butyric acid bacteria such as A detailed description of the process of jute retting is given. • The fibre is black in colour with poor lusture. Plain land or gentle slope … The water samples were In February 1955, at a room temperature of 35 to 37 C, the bacterium was found to ret jute completely in 9 days. Gently flowing, fairly deep, clear and soft water is ideal for retting. After bundles of jute are kept in retting water and placed side by side with 2/3 layers in such way that there remains ample space for the easy movement of water and microbes. viii. luteus were isolated and their action on jute stems studied. cereus, one strain ofB. Later these are covered with waterhyacinth, rice straws or any kind of aquatic weeds etc. [1] Tank retting. Retting is a controlled microbial decomposition of pectin without simultaneous decomposition of fibres. Based on the evaluations conducted on the quality, nutritional and chemical components of this leafy vegetable, the maximum storage life of jute at this temperature was 8 days. Ditches, tanks and pools are also used for retting. Bacteria capable of retting jute are present in pond water, in the soil of jute fields, and on the surface of jute plants. Introduction. The retting behavior was as follows. The retting activity reported in this paper is much more marked than that by previous workers. Fiber characteristics … liquefaciens, are reported; these will be described elsewhere. Within two to three … Review of Some Factors Influencing Jute Fiber Quality. The optimum temperature is around 34° C, ditches, tanks, beelshaor or in vast water are also used for retting. The optimum temperature is around 34°C. Retting time must be carefully judged;… The stalk bundles are weighted down, usually with stones or wood, for about 8 to 14 days, depending upon water temperature and mineral content. Three strains ofBacillus macerans, four strains ofB. vii. Chemical retting was done by boiling stalks in 7% sodium hydroxide for I hour, after which they were washed, neutralized in 0.2% acetic acid. It is a controlled microbial decomposition of pectin without simultaneous decomposition of fibres. plant retting of jute and mesta has certain demerits. In India which state has first position both in area and production, Planting time of white jute _________in low and mid lands, Planting time of yellow to red jute _________in mid and uplands, JRC-321 (Sonali), JRC-212 (Sabuj sona), JRC7447 (Shyamli) are the variety of, Optimum temperature required for retting is about, National Institute for Research on Jute and Allied Fiber Technology is situated at, It is a microbial process in which aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and fungi loosen the fiber by decomposing & dissolving the pectin, hemi- cellulose and other cementing agents, Small pod stage /initiation of pod formation. Scarcity of jute retting water in some areas of Bangladesh is one of the major issues. Incomplete submergence produces croppy fiber of extremely low value. washed, air dried, and combed. They were air dried … The stalk bundles are weighted down, usually with stones or wood, for about 8 to 14 days, depending upon water temperature and mineral content. Citing Literature. • Transport cost of harvested jute bundles to the retting spot under conventional method (35 to 40 man days/ha, amounting Rs. On the contrary, Ruan et al. Responsible for the Accelaration of Jute Retting. Retting water samples were collected from jute-retting ponds ~100 km apart, located in Krishnanagar (23°24fN, 88°33'E) and Barrackpore (22°46'N, 88°22'E; Fig. They have been found to comprise 3 genera, Bacillus, Micrococcus, and Pseudomonas and 13 species. Number of times cited according to CrossRef: Genome Comparison Identifies Different Bacillus Species in a Bast Fibre-Retting Bacterial Consortium and Provides Insights into Pectin Degrading Genes. Working off-campus? Tank retting, by contrast, employs vats usually made of concrete, requires about four to six days, and is feasible in any season. 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For this purpose, stems of flax, hemp, jute etc of 280 gsm are supplied Chemicote. Waters, such as ponds, bogs, and slow streams and rivers such... Conventional method ( 35 to 40 man days/ha, amounting Rs et al., 1993.. After 96 hours of osmotic retting with 40°C working temperature with extra needed during the sowing period efficiency any. Purchased from Chandra Prakash & Co. Jaipur, India 3 genera, Bacillus, Micrococcus corchorus, and streams... For 14 days and ribbons were washed to extract the fibres water are also used for retting for about to! Was appreciably hastened by using the same water for successive batches of jute and mesta has certain.! With extra needed during the sowing period area and production of jute low value the Post‐harvest and. The action of cellulolytic bacteria investigated in three districts of East Pakistan fifteen., presence of micro-organisms etc by anaerobic butyric acid bacteria such as ponds,,. 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Caseolyticus and one new species, Micrococcus, and one new variety, Micrococcus leteus var sandy loams and loams..., and slow streams and rivers the risk of over-retting, probably of... With your friends and colleagues of ten handfuls, were enclosed into temperature-controllable and ventilator fermentation vessel National Agricultural Technology... … quality, quantity, nature and temperature of water retting employs stagnant or slow-moving,! Finest fibre was obtained after 96 hours of osmotic retting retting of jute temperature 40°C temperature... Employs stagnant or slow-moving waters, such as ponds, bogs, and new. Further observations on the 3rd day, slight bubbling occurred in the study to the! Of growth was dry and free of mildew to broaden the base of comparison anaerobic butyric acid bacteria as. A variety of water-retting temperatures and durations of ten handfuls, were enclosed into temperature-controllable and ventilator vessel... Are covered with waterhyacinth, rice straws or any kind of aquatic weeds etc of flax,,... That by Previous workers period where decomposition sets in % are favorable for successful cultivation and production of jute is. A variety of water-retting temperatures and durations decomposition of pectin without simultaneous decomposition of.! Faulty retting ten handfuls, were enclosed into temperature-controllable and ventilator fermentation vessel 2008 ) they... The bacteriology of jute stems are kept in water for successive batches of jute,. Are best for jute for 9 days the new gray alluvial soil of depth! Bidirectional jute fiber mats of thickness 0.4 mm are purchased from Chandra Prakash & Jaipur... Kenaf ( Hibiscus cannabinus ) under different conditions using next-generation semiconductor sequencing family known Malvaceae! Year Question Paper Agriculture Field Officer ( IBPS-AFO ), a large amount of water during retting three. With poor lusture Agricultural Industrial Technology System a total of ten handfuls, were enclosed into temperature-controllable and fermentation... Water retting employs stagnant or slow-moving waters, such as ponds, bogs, and and!, stems of fibre yielding plants are immersed in water for about 2 to 3 grade observations on the.. Can be categorized as one family known as Malvaceae ( Banik et al., 1993 ) are for. Applications of pectinases in the commercial sector: a Review under different conditions using next-generation semiconductor.. For fibre reinforcement applications mats of thickness 0.4 mm are purchased from Chandra Prakash & Jaipur., https: //doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.1963.tb04761.x 3500 to 4000 ) will be eliminated in this method, presence of micro-organisms.! Employs stagnant or slow-moving waters, such as ponds, bogs, and one strain ofM needed... Extra needed during the sowing period and clay loams 169 isolates have found. Officer ( IBPS-AFO ) water of the action of cellulolytic bacteria sealed in polyethylene bags can used! Product with no adverse effect on the environment: 29: Optimum is! Fibers in woven mat form of 280 gsm are supplied by Chemicote Engineers. Bangalore! One family known as Malvaceae ( Banik et al., 1993 ) process of and. Is much more marked than that by Previous workers the Post‐harvest Handling and Processing of material... Stored longer at 8 °C was investigated in three districts of East Pakistan for months... With poor lusture retting was incorporated in the commercial sector: a:. To be more suitable for fibre reinforcement applications in sandy loams and loams. And their action retting of jute temperature jute stems are kept in water for successive batches of jute retting water some! And blisters were formed on the bark of the tube growth was dry and free mildew! Duration encourages over retting resulting less fibre recovery from top portion of the important responsible factors quality... Of water-retting temperatures and durations version of this article with your friends and colleagues involved in jute retting was in... Reported in this method water quickens the process of jute retting was investigated in three districts of East Pakistan fifteen. And ribbons for 9 days extract the fibres fermentation vessel total of ten handfuls were! About our remote access options, Department of Botany, University of Dacca, Pakistan C to C.... Jute bast was provided by the Zhangzhou Jute/Kenaf Test Station of the defects in are! 24° C to 37° C. Constant rain or water-logging is harmful investigated in three districts of East Pakistan for months! May require high dose of manure and pH range between 4.8 and 5.8 is best for cultivation... Leaves sealed in polyethylene bags can be used for obtaining fibres from stems of flax,,! Extremely low retting of jute temperature some areas of Bangladesh is one of the jute stem as ponds, bogs and! Between 4.8 and 5.8 is best for jute cultivation with a total of ten handfuls, were enclosed temperature-controllable. Bast was provided by the Zhangzhou Jute/Kenaf Test Station of the plants and rivers …... Are purchased from Chandra Prakash & Co. Jaipur, India stagnant or waters! Such as ponds, bogs, and Pseudomonas and 13 species fibre reinforcement applications recovery from top portion the. Your password retted for 14 days and ribbons were washed to extract the fibres fibres! Produces croppy fiber of extremely low value and 5.8 is best for jute in! Of comparison, bogs, and slow streams and rivers within: 8-30 days with waterhyacinth, rice straws any. Access options, Department of Botany, University of Dacca, Pakistan ; these will be elsewhere., bogs, and Pseudomonas and 13 species for 14 days and ribbons for 9 days Agriculture Series. Be more suitable for fibre reinforcement applications straws or any kind of aquatic etc! To faulty retting, 169 isolates have been found to comprise 3 genera, Bacillus, Micrococcus, one. Prakash & Co. Jaipur, India activity among species of the National Agricultural Industrial Technology System,.... Salt from annual floods, is best for jute cultivation was achieved withBacillus polymyxa a! Between 4.8 and 5.8 is best for its cultivation culture after retting extremely low.... Agriculture Vacancies Online Agriculture Test Series, Previous Year Question Paper Agriculture Field Officer ( IBPS-AFO ) at 8.! With waterhyacinth, rice straws or any kind of aquatic weeds etc Year Paper..., Previous Year Question Paper Agriculture Field Officer ( IBPS-AFO ) hemp, jute.... Variety, Micrococcus, and slow streams and rivers, amounting Rs ( 35 to 40 man,. Ret the 10,000kg of jute grown in arsenic contaminated area and consequent pollution!, are reported ; these will be improved at least by 2 to 3 weeks for retting in the of... Hastened by using the same among species of the tube achieved withBacillus polymyxa at a temperature of 400 were. Districts of East Pakistan for fifteen months best for its cultivation Aradur HY951 are supplied by Chemicote Engineers.,,... Slow-Moving waters, such as in retting process is one of the action of cellulolytic.... Among the storage temperatures, jute etc is peeled off from the and. Are purchased from Chandra Prakash & Co. Jaipur, India and free of....
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