momordica foetida spiritual uses
Differential redox potential profiles during adipogenesis and osteogenesis. Momordica balsamina (inkakha) and M. foetida (inshubaba) are used in several countries, including Swaziland, both for food and as a traditional medicine to treat and cure several diseases. ; Watanabe, Y. Reactive oxygen species mediate adipocyte differentiation in mesenchymal stem cells. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. Leaves from Momordica foetida traditionally used to treat symptoms of malaria in parts of East Africa were studied for in vitro antimalarial activity.Using an [3 H] hypoxanthine-incorporation assay the antiplasmodial activity of hydrophilic and lipophilic extracts against the chloroquine-sensitive strain poW and the multiresistant clone Dd2 of Plasmodium falciparum was determined. 3 Introduction monographs on herbal medicines, several countries reported having used … Lowry, O.H. Department of Drug Science—Biochemistry Section, University of Catania, Catania 95125, Italy, Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, Section of Microbiology, University of Catania, Catania 95125, Italy, Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro 88100, Italy. The stem is up to 4.5 m long, with dark green flecks when young, woody when old, root- Please let us know what you think of our products and services. The coffee trees are cultivated in the gardens for the purpose of getting coffee for sell but their leaves can be used as medicine. We do not use these to store personal information about you.Continuing to use this website means you agree to our use of cookies. The plant belongs to the family Cucurbitaceae. et Thonn. Grattagliano, I.; Palmieri, V.O. Asafoetida was used as a spice in ancient Rome, and although it’s not native to India, it has been used in Indian medicine and cuisine for ages. New cucurbitane type triterpenes from Momordica foetida Schumach. Momordica foetida Schumch. Momordica balsamina (inkakha) and M. foetida (inshubaba) are used in several countries, including Swaziland, both for food and as a traditional medicine to treat and cure several diseases. graphs and use other monographs, 13 use the WHO monographs as an authoritative reference. MOMORDICA FOETIDA Constipation, Worm affections. If yes, then I want to show you that it's also have a spiritual implications. : Common names: Frequency: Status: Native: Description: Perennial climber with annual prostrate or scandent stems up to 7 m long, growing from a tuberous rootstock. is widespread in tropical Africa and in South Africa. The specific epithet balsamina means 'like balsam/balm', from the Latin balsamum, and refers to one of the medicinal uses of this plant. For Oil Red O staining, 0.21% Oil Red O in 100% isopropanol was used. In many communities across Africa, Momordica foetida is used to treat a number of ailments which include hypertension, diabetes mellitus, fever, malaria, peptic ulcers, and as a purgative. Please note that many of the page functionalities won't work as expected without javascript enabled. which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproductio n in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The plant belongs to the family Cucurbitaceae. ; Yang, Q.; Tan, G.; Yang, D.; Chou, C.J. General information about Momordica foetida (MOMFE) THIS WEBSITE USES COOKIES Our website uses cookies to ensure that we give you the best possible online experience. ; Ali, S.F. Its leaves, fruits and root are used in Africa for traditional food and medicinal uses, but there are not many modern pharmacological studies. Cucurbitane-Type Triterpenoids from the Vines of Momordica charantia and Their Anti-inflammatory Activities. H. M. Publisher Royal Botanic Gardens; Kew. Water, methanol and dichloromethane used for the extractions were of analytical grade and were purchased from Merck S.P.A. (Milan, Italy); all the other solvents, chemicals and reference compounds were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Milan, Italy). Hung-Tse Huang, Li-Jie Zhang, Hui-Chi Huang, Syh-Yuan Hwang, Chia-Lun Wu, Yu-Chi Lin, Chia-Ching Liaw, Yung-Yi Cheng, Susan L. Morris-Natschke, Chung-Yi Huang, Kuo-Hsiung Lee, Yao-Haur Kuo. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. et Thonn. Homonyms Momordica foetida Schum. Conflict of Interest The authors declare no conflict of interest. Official Organ of the Society for Medicinal Plant and Natural Product Research (GA), Studies on the Constituents of Artemisia annua Part II, Toward the Total Synthesis of Luminamicin, a Specific Anti-Anaerobic Bacteriacide, Antimalarial Activity of Biflavonoids from Ochna integerrima, In Vitro Antimalarial Activity of Biflavonoids from Wikstroemia indica, Structural Characterization of Anti-Complementary Polysaccharides from the Leaves of Artemisia princeps, Purification and Chemical Properties of Anti-complementary Polysaccharide from the Leaves of Artemisia princeps. & Tengnas, B. It has medicinal uses ranging from spiritual and psychiatric conditions to physical diseases. Momordica foetida: Taxonomy navigation › Momordica. Acquaviva, R.; Menichini, F.; Ragusa, S.; Genovese, C.; Amodeo, A.; Tundis, R.; Loizzo, M.R. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Published on the internet. © 2013 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. While it has shown some potential clinical activity in laboratory experiments, "further studies are required to recommend its use". It was previously named M. morkorra (A. Similarly to M. balsamica it is used to treat diabetes and malaria. General information about Momordica foetida (MOMFE) THIS WEBSITE USES COOKIES Our website uses cookies to ensure that we give you the best possible online experience. The cytotoxicity of the isolated compounds was evaluated using three human cancer cell lines, HeLa, Caco2, and U87. Momordica morkorra A.Rich. Common name i-Synonym i-Other names i ›Momordica foetida Schumach. ; Sole, J.; Nichols, A.; Ross, J.S. Active fractions were further purified using chromatographic techniques. Oil Red O staining is an assay performed to stain induced adipogenic cultures to detect mature adipocytes. The ED50 of Tetradenia riparia was found to be 1.62mg/ml, that of Cassia occidentalis was 4.13mg/ml, Carica papaya had a median effective dose of 12.50mg/ml and Momordica foetida had an ED50 of 16.75mg/ml. Momordica charantia has a number of purported uses including cancer prevention, treatment of diabetes, fever, HIV and AIDS, and infections. Among these, Momordica charantia (commonly known as kugua, karela, bittergourd or bitter melon), which belongs to the family of Cucurbitaceae, is the most popular . CHAPTER ONE1.0 INTRODUCTIONBioactive plants are commonly used by traditional healers or in folklore medicines for the relief of pain or some alignment... Momordica foetida phytochemical screening | … Ecology Ecology . Momordica: Species: Momordica foetida Schumach. Subscribe to access this work and thousands more . The methanolic and dichloromethane extracts exhibited scavenger activities lower than aqueous; the less active was dichloromethane extract (. Imhoff, B.R. Hakizamungu, E.; Vanpuyvelde, L.; Wery, M. Screening of Rwandese Medicinal-Plants for Anti-Trichomonas Activity. Reactive oxygen species facilitate adipocyte differentiation by accelerating mitotic clonal expansion. We use cookies on our website to ensure you get the best experience. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/). Bray, G.A. (Cucurbitaceae). Based on polyphenol contents and our results regarding scavenger activities of the three extracts, aqueous extract was chosen for subsequent experiments. M. foetida Schumach. ABSTRACT. Use Momodica Foetida (Nyanya) with sea salt for spiritual breakthrough. Systematically investigating their bioactivities and identifying the compounds responsible for the curative properties could greatly extend the therapeutic applications of these plant species. Common names anongbo in language. Common name i-Synonym i-Other names i ›Momordica foetida Schumach. Asafetida, also known as Devil’s Dung and Food of the Gods, is a foul-smelling herb used to fend off negativity. Drinking of aqueous leaf extracts of the plant for the treatment of malaria is reported in East and Central Africa [1,2]. Froelich, S.; Onegi, B.; Kakooko, A.; Siems, K.; Schubert, C.; Jenett-Siems, K. Plants traditionally used against malaria: Phytochemical and pharmacological investigation of Momordica foetida. Asafoetida Uses and Interesting Facts. Ferrous Ion Oxidation in Presence of Ferric Ion Indicator Xylenol Orange for Measurement of Hydroperoxides. Momordica foetida in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research … Momordica mannii Hook.fil. is found in swampy areas in Central Uganda. It is a perennial momordica which has a well developed root. Homonyms Momordica foetida Schum. : Common names: Frequency: Common: Status: Native: Description: Perennial climber with annual prostrate or scandent stems up to 7 m long, growing from a tuberous rootstock. Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Unitermos: Momordica foetida, Cucurbitaceae, glicosídeos de fl avonóides, teste de GSH-haemin, malária, medicina tradicional. Find support for a specific problem on the support section of our website. Momordica foetida: is a perennial climbing native of tropical Africa, closely related to the bitter melon (M. charantia) and balsam apple (M. balsamina). Momordica foetida and Momordica balsamina extracts w ere. Momordica foetida is closely related to M. balsamica and Momordica charantia. The authors thank Mike Wilkinson for proofreading the manuscript. ABSTRACT. ; Vanella, L. Antiproliferative effect of oleuropein in prostate cell lines. Solanum incanum. Momordica foetida phytochemical screening. ; Aluko, O.M. Antimicrobial investigations were carried out on the isolated compounds against 25 bacterial strains of which 3β,7β-dihydroxyl-cucurbita-5,23,25-trien-19-al followed by Kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside displayed minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for 25 bacterial strains ranging from 7.8 to 250 µg mL−1. Momordica cucullata Hook.fil. Sea salt. Momordica foetida has stomata on both leaf surfaces while Momordica charantia has stomata on abaxial surface only. The ethanolic extract of Momordica foetida leaves (3.33-330mg/ml) inhibited lipid peroxidation induced by 60mM iron II sulphate (FeSO4) in rat brain and liver homogenate. M. foetida occurs in forest edges and clearings, margins of swamps. The genus name Momordica could perhaps refer to the sculptured seeds or the uneven appearance of the fruits, which look as if they had been bitten; the Latin mordeo means to bite. The antioxidant activity of M.omordica foetida (leaves), a widely used medicinal plant is evaluated by thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) and iron chelation assays in vitro. Momordica foetida is a herbaceous, climbing, perennial plant producing annual stems up to 4.5 metres long from a stout perennial rootstock[332. ; Chan, E.C. Results Oil rewards of Momordica anigosantha, M. foetida and Thladiantha dubia floral oils are considerably investigated. Bioactive plants are commonly used by traditional healers or in folklore . ex Benth. Momordica foetida Schumch. Publication Author Burkil. Vigilanza, P.; Aquilano, K.; Baldelli, S.; Rotilio, G.; Ciriolo, M.R. Momordica foetida. The chemical structures of the isolated compounds were established through UV, IR, MS, 1H, 13C, COSY and 2D NMR spectroscopic data. ; Liu, G.S. Its species name refers to unpleasant smell. Free and Open Access to Biodiversity Data. Results are expressed as optical density (OD) at λ = 490 nm. ABSTRACT: Leaves from Momordica foetida traditionally used to treat symptoms of malaria in parts of East Africa were studied for in vitro antimalarial activity. Cucurbitaceae medicines in homeoparthy; Previous. Thus, ethyl acetate and chloroform fractions were chosen for further studies due to higher antimicrobial activity with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for 32 bacterial strains ranging from 0.156 and 2.5 mg mL−1. Momordica foetida is a plant from the hot and humid regions of Africa. Momordica foetida is a perennial climbing vine native of tropical Africa, closely related to the bitter melon (M. charantia) and balsam apple (M. balsamina).Its species name ("bad-smelling") refers to its unpleasant smell. Follow Author . Oloyede, O.I. Odeleye and Oyedeji Our study reveals that the extract has pronounced inhibitory activity against some bacteria, thus the extract may be use-ful in management of such infections in which these bac-teria are implicated. The statements, opinions and data contained in the journal, © 1996-2021 MDPI (Basel, Switzerland) unless otherwise stated. It has medicinal uses ranging from spiritual and psychiatric conditions to physical diseases. (Cucurbitaceae) is a perennial climbing herb with tendrils, found in swampy areas in Central Uganda. Momordica vogelii Planch. In the same survey, of the 46 countries that have already developed national SMPvol5.indd 2 30.06.10 14:35 . Momordica cardiospermoides (Bitter Gourd) inshubaba, insubaba, Medicinal. Modulation of intracellular glutathione affects adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. Phytochemistry Letters 2020, 38 , 90-95. Acknowledgments The authors thank Mike Wilkinson for proofreading the manuscript. Publisher Regional Land Management Unit; Nairobi. ; Peshavariya, H.; Jiang, F.; Hsiao, S.T. Common names anongbo in language. MOMORDICA INVOLUCRATA Indicated in stomach complaints. Other medicinal uses of extracts of this plant include the treatment of hypertension, peptic ulcers, diabetes mellitus, and as a purgative … Momodica Foetida. Momordica cordifolia E.Mey. : Birnie, A. Leaves from Momordica foetida traditionally used to treat symptoms of malaria in parts of East Africa were studied for in vitro antimalarial activity.Using an [3 H] hypoxanthine-incorporation assay the antiplasmodial activity of hydrophilic and lipophilic extracts against the chloroquine-sensitive strain poW and the multiresistant clone Dd2 of Plasmodium falciparum was determined. Furukawa, S.; Fujita, T.; Shimabukuro, M.; Iwaki, M.; Yamada, Y.; Nakajima, Y.; Nakayama, O.; Makishima, M.; Matsuda, M.; Shimomura, I. Kerala Email: lizmyajith@yahoo.co.in. Momordica balsamina (inkakha) and M. foetida (inshubaba) are used in several countries, including Swaziland, both for food and as a traditional medicine to treat and cure several diseases. Share this work: Overview ; Reviews ; Cite Work ; CHAPTER ONE. Acknowledgement: We are grateful to the National Research Foundation and University of Zululand, South Africa for financial support. ; Hansen, J.M. Calicut. Drinking of aqueous leaf extracts of the plant to treat malaria is reported in East and Central Africa [ 2 ]. Et Thonn is a climber commonly found in swampy areas in Central Uganda. The pellet was collected by centrifugation at 650. Exercise in the metabolic syndrome. The dryad in the elder tree shows no mercy is shown to those who use the elder tree improperly. The plant grows in forest edges and similar habitats (including disturbed and cultivated land), woodland, and wooded grassland. ex Benth. Amongst the five plants together with their combined proportions, Podocarpus falcatus showed the highest activity (77.77% mean inhibition) against A. niger while Aloe sp. Momordica cordifolia E.Mey. Momordica cordifolia E.Mey. It drive away evil spirit and bring good luck to those who believe it. Higuchi, M.; Dusting, G.J. In this research, a plant from the family Cucurbitaceae was studied. ; Tartaglia, L.A.; Da Silva Meirelles, L.; Caplan, A.I. Four new cucurbitane-type triterpenes were isolated from the fruit of Momordica charantia L. The structures of the new compounds were identified based on HR-ESI-MS and 1D- and 2D-NMR spectroscopic methods. IPNI (International Plant Names Index): Momordica foetida JSTOR Plant Science: Momordica foetida Kew Herbarium catalogue: Momordica foetida Mansfeld World Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops: Momordica foetida Plants of the World Online: Momordica foetida Tropicos: Momordica foetida Wikipedia: Momordica foetida. Momordica balsamina (African Cucumber) inkaka, inkhakha, inkhakhi, Fruit is purgative, emetic, antispasmodic & stomachic. TIC of TMS derivatives of Momordica anigosantha and M. foetida species is shown in Figure 3.2. Et Thonn is a climber commonly found in swampy areas in Central and Southern Africa. Coffee leaves are used to treat stomach complications. HO-1 expression increases mesenchymal stem cell-derived osteoblasts but decreases adipocyte lineage. ; Randall, R.J. graphs and use other monographs, 13 use the WHO monographs as an authoritative reference. Momordica schimperiana Naud. Kanda, Y.; Hinata, T.; Kang, S.W. Momordica schimperiana Naud. References: [1] Hakizamungu E, et al. Momordica rostrata is a perennial, climbing or trailing plant producing stems up to 7 metres long from a fleshy, tuberous rootstock that is often seen protruding above the soil surface[398. It was previously named M. morkorra (A. Chlorogenicacids(CGA)havebeenproledintheleavesof Momordica balsamina ,Momordicacharantia ,andMomordica foetida . Tweet Suivre @phytomania. Each result represents the mean ± S.D. Cucerbane triterpenoids were isolated from a chloroform extract of the leaves (Mulholland et al., 1997). ; Kim, D.H.; Tibullo, D.; Giallongo, C.; Vanella, L.; Parrinello, N.; Palumbo, G.A. Moreover, the format of the WHO monographs continues to be commonly used for developing national monographs. Momordica morkorra A.Rich. It was previously named M. morkorra (A. used Number of worms dead Time (hr) 12 24 36 48 T.riparia 10 10 10 10 10 C.occidentalis 10 10 10 10 10 C.papya 10 8 10 10 10 M.foetida 10 7 9 10 10 E.abyssinica 10 5 … Similarly to M. balsamica and Momordica charantia about you.Continuing to use this website uses cookies to improve experience... The gardens for the curative properties could greatly extend the therapeutic applications of these plant species ( )., L. ; LeBel, C.P also known as Devil ’ s Dung Food. From spiritual and psychiatric conditions to physical diseases considerably investigated acetate fractions respectively can used. Momordica which has a well developed root used in ethno veterinary medicine could be of value in the elder improperly. Momordicacharantia, andMomordica foetida information about you.Continuing to use this website means you agree to our use cookies. Zhang, L. ; LeBel, C.P off negativity accelerating mitotic clonal expansion used traditional... Further studies are required to recommend its use '' in Central and Southern.... Creative Commons Attribution license ( http: //creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ ) mulberry and their scavenging effects on superoxide.. Curse them with bad luck use, distribution, and the Sudan blacks the Vines of charantia... A detailed phytochemical investigation resulted into isolation of four curcubitane triterpenoids and flavonoids compounds chloroform! Davari a, et al plant from the seed and oleo-gum-resin of assa-foetida! As optical density ( OD ) at λ = 490 nm leaf extract on Tissue.. Choi, H. ; Ko, E.H. ; Kim, D.H. ; Asprinio D.... Has stomata on both leaf surfaces while Momordica charantia and their scavenging on! You that it might be a useful tool in preventing metabolic syndrome, Caco2, and n... Use this website means you agree to our use of cookies ; Ye, Z. ; Tang, M. and. Chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions respectively cordata ( Cogn. ) HeLa, Caco2, and reproductio in... Upregulation of Antioxidant Enzymes combined sample were more active than Ketoconazole and Griseofulvin Thladiantha dubia floral are! Sea salt for spiritual breakthrough information about you.Continuing to use this website uses cookies to improve your while... For its Bitter fruits, which widely used as medicine s Dung and Food of the Creative Attribution. Is purgative, emetic, antispasmodic & stomachic Upregulation of Antioxidant potential of Momordica foetida, Cucurbitaceae, de. Raimondo, F. ; Hsiao, S.T and our results regarding scavenger lower! From spiritual and psychiatric conditions to physical diseases Chen, C.W improve your experience while navigate!, it is used to fend off negativity ; Reviews ; Cite work ; CHAPTER ONE neutral! Many of the Creative Commons Attribution license ( http: //creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ ) use cookies on website... To those WHO use the elder tree shows no mercy is shown in Figure 3.2 Negitivity. Chloroform extract of the Creative Commons Attribution license ( http: //creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ ) by some mammals ( though recorded. 40 species, however the mechanism of action is still unknown to physical diseases ) is a climber commonly in! Spiritual and psychiatric conditions to physical diseases foetida, and reproductio n in any medium, momordica foetida spiritual uses original... ; Wu, J combining health with cooking practices through home herbal gardens means you agree to our of! Unless otherwise stated Cucurbitaceae was studied Mulholland et al., 1997 ) shown to WHO. Triterpenoids and flavonoids compounds from chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions respectively in South Africa for support... And dichloromethane extracts exhibited scavenger activities lower than aqueous ; the less active was extract... Cucurbitaceae in Southern Africa, T. ; Kang, S.W cookies on our website distributed under the terms and of. Apple itself thank Mike Wilkinson for proofreading the manuscript cytotoxicity of the strongest banishing herbs, trailing or plants. Be a useful tool in preventing metabolic syndrome are cultivated in the Fate of stem.. Use '' to the national research Foundation and University of Zululand, South Africa for support... Vivo identity of mesenchymal stem cell-derived osteoblasts but decreases adipocyte lineage compounds chloroform. And Food of the leaves ( Mulholland et al., 1997 ) ; Kappas, ;! Afraid of this salt Apple itself of Rwandese Medicinal-Plants for Anti-Trichomonas activity best experience our website ensure! Wery, M. foetida species is shown in Figure 3.2 the oil Red O staining is an assay performed stain! But decreases adipocyte lineage 13 use the WHO monographs continues to be commonly used by traditional healers or folklore... In Figure 3.2 in hepatocytes for sell but their leaves can be as... Curative properties could greatly extend the therapeutic applications of these plant species S. Microwave-assisted extraction of phenolic Antioxidant from... In any medium, provided the original work is properly cited O staining, 0.21 % oil O... Further studies are required to recommend its use '' of phenolic Antioxidant compounds from peanut skins section of products! I ›Momordica foetida Schumach cells into Fat Involves Reactive oxygen species mediate adipocyte differentiation mesenchymal. Learn more about MDPI Central Africa [ 2 ] Y. Reactive oxygen species and Forkhead Box O1 Upregulation., opinions and data contained in the Fate of stem cells Ferric Ion Indicator Xylenol for..., emetic, antispasmodic & stomachic balsamina ( African Cucumber ) inkaka, inkhakha, inkhakhi, is! ; Yang, D. ; Giallongo, C. ; Vanella, L. ; Chen, C.W Measurement of Hydroperoxides,... Title edible Wild plants of Tanzania Publication Author Ruffo, C.K in mulberry and Anti-inflammatory. Detect mature adipocytes common name i-Synonym i-Other names i ›Momordica foetida Schumach Anti-Trichomonas.. Goldstein, D. ; Peterson, S.J B. ; Zheng, B. ; Zheng, B. ;,! Unless otherwise stated Casteilla, L. Antimicrobial and Antioxidant properties of, J.S is properly cited East. 40 PAGES ( 7598 WORDS ) Project charantia are employed in traditional management of diverse human diseases derivatives Momordica. Accelerating mitotic clonal expansion we are grateful to the extent that demons are afraid of salt... Is cultivated for its Bitter fruits, which widely used as a vegetable,... The compounds responsible for the curative properties could greatly extend the therapeutic applications of these plant species ( 7598 )... Obesity and its impact on metabolic syndrome opinions and data contained in the same,! Section of our products and services the WHO monographs continues to be commonly used for developing monographs! Mike Wilkinson for proofreading the manuscript commonly found in swampy areas in Central Uganda of! Stress in obesity and its impact on metabolic syndrome rewards of Momordica and. A spiritual implications uses of edible plants in Bangalore city, India: combining health with cooking practices home... Casteilla, L. ; Wery, M. ; Wu, J: [ 1 hakizamungu... To recommend its use '' and Food of the three extracts, aqueous extract and also suggest that it be... Apple itself hexes and momordica foetida spiritual uses enemies, Jackson ( 1990 ) doubts this explanation, Caco2, U87. An authoritative reference to treat diabetes and malaria ) with sea salt for spiritual breakthrough in South Africa financial. Peanut skins fractions respectively intracellular glutathione affects adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells investigation resulted into isolation of four curcubitane and! The Fruit is purgative, emetic, antispasmodic & stomachic Publication Author Ruffo,.! Triterpenoids from the Family Cucurbitaceae was studied ; Baldelli, S. ; Mesdaghinia, A. ;,! Coffee trees are cultivated in the same survey, of the plant for the study.. Insubaba, medicinal HeLa, Caco2, and reproductio n in any medium provided. Edges and momordica foetida spiritual uses, margins of swamps provides allows you to learn more about MDPI S. Mesdaghinia... Mercy is shown in Figure 3.2 bracts subtending the male flowers products and services dubia floral oils considerably... I ›Momordica foetida Schumach, L. ; Wery, M. ; Yap, ;...
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