over policing indigenous youth
Each feeds upon the other to perpetuate systemic discrimination and negative stereotypes regarding Aboriginal people (2007, 64). to colleagues, clients or customers, or inquire about Sgt. Over-policing generally results from the imposition of police control on individual or community activities at a level unlikely to occur in the dominant society. “Sometimes at the Queensland youth detention centre here in Townsville, we have 60 to 70 per cent Indigenous people—there’s obviously a reason. The survivor of a past suicide attempt, Porter, 19, requires a tracheostomy tube to breathe. Indigenous young people are much more vulnerable to increasing policing. The NSW police commissioner, Mick Fuller, has previously said Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people made up about 55% of those – including adults – on an STMP. They said when police refused, they turned to the Six Nations Confederacy Council. Stacia L. Loft, who served as an elected band councillor for the Tyendinaga Mohawk Council, Mohawks of the Bay of Quinte, agreed that Indigenous people negatively affected by police interactions should have access to recourse. Data on Canadian Indigenous and Black inmate over-representation is similar to American data on Black inmates. The memo states the watchdog is “concerned by … Through consultation with Indigenous communities, Tulloch said the “desire for appropriate civilian oversight of First Nations policing is clear.”. It will also create a new oversight option called the inspector general, which will monitor and inspect police services and boards, including those in First Nations communities that have opted in. She added that while some communities might choose to opt into already existing oversight bodies like the OIPRD, this should not be the default, as trusting outside agencies “has not always worked well for Indigenous peoples.”, “I strongly believe that Indigenous communities can identify and develop their own responsive and culturally appropriate solutions,” Loft said. A major inquiry will examine the files of 250 Aboriginal children and young people in the state’s youth justice system to establish why Indigenous young people are so heavily over-represented. He said the curfew would disadvantage Indigenous youth and their families in particular, who are already overrepresented in the justice system. Neither the Six Nations Police Service nor Acting Deputy Chief David Smoke, the officer who investigated the complaints, responded to multiple emails and phone calls from the Star. Like many of Ontario’s First Nations communities, Six Nations is outside the jurisdiction of the province’s police watchdogs. Amid a national reckoning about policing, in the wake of two recent fatal police shootings of Indigenous people in New Brunswick and the violent arrest of Athabasca Chipewyan First Nation Chief Allan Adam, the men are speaking out about what they say is a lack of accountability for police actions in their home territory. In Simmons, (2009 p1) findings on over-policing did point that those likely to enter in jail among the indigenous community are likely to have been cases of alcohol and drug abuse linking these to indigenous population over-representation in jail among minor issue like street offensive language. Under-policing usually results from a lack of preventive and supportive police services. If the raid and arrests had occurred outside Six Nations’ territory, Porter’s injuries would have automatically prompted an investigation by the Special Investigations Unit (SIU), which probes serious injuries and deaths involving police. In this context, youth is defined as individuals between 7 and 30 years of age. “In doing this, communities will have ownership over their information, processes, decisions and outcomes.”, Copyright owned or licensed by Toronto Star Newspapers Limited. Where suspected offenders appear to lack community ties, such as * Notes: 1. Amid a national reckoning about policing, in the wake of two recent fatal police shootings of Indigenous people in New Brunswick and the violent arrest of Athabasca Chipewyan First Nation Chief Allan Adam, the men are speaking out about what they say is a lack of accountability for police actions in their home territory. It was at this point that P placed L underarrest for offensive language. The issue of over-representation remains a burning issue among the indigenous … The over-policing and jailing of Indigenous, Black and racialized people is part of that context. The absence of civilian police oversight in First Nations communities has been well documented, most recently by Ontario Court of Appeal Justice Michael Tulloch in his 2016 review of police oversight. “He was bleeding all over himself and I couldn’t do anything to help him. “I also fear that the Six Nations police will do this to someone else, and the next person might not be so lucky.”. The 98% — over-policing, suicide and Aboriginal youth in the NT. Over Policing. Suddenly, the teen’s life was in peril. Aboriginal youth are overrepresented in Ontario correctional facilities at a much higher rate than Aboriginal adults. - Indigenous youth are vastly over-represented at all stages in the criminal justice system of Canada and are more likely to be sentenced to prison and receive longer sentences regardless of criminal history and offence severity. Instead, there has been “complete lack of accountability” surrounding what she called a disturbing use of excessive force. Porter, who is not involved with the dispensary and arrived only moments before police, suffered a broken nose. "The institution of policing has for historical reasons adopted a number of practices, which are injurious to Indigenous peoples in this country, hence their over-representation in arrest and custody rates, leading to their over-representation in jail populations," he said. The absence of civilian police oversight in First Nations communities has been well documented, most recently by Ontario Court of Appeal Justice Michael Tulloch in his 2016 review of police oversight. “I am dismissing this claim that you were treated inappropriately or unlawfully when you were arrested,” Smoke wrote in a letter addressed to Ryan Davis and reviewed by the Star. The authors of this chapter contextualise crime and criminal justice within Australian colonial history. ignoring First Nations goes far beyond cannabis: It flies in the face of established Aboriginal Rights and Title in Canada, Coalition of officers raids Benally’s hemp farms, Local marijuana dispensary hitting the market in November, Athabasca Chipewyan First Nation Chief Allan Adam, Six Nations People’s Cannabis Coalition creates interim agreement, 6 shops open, 31 more to come, Ojibway man faces ongoing harassment from UCCM police, Former national chief says First Nations leadership have ‘no authority’ over cannabis dispensaries, A dream comes true: The Ranch provides Batchewana with fresh grown food and cannabis as a medicine, Staff members beaten by Police during violent raid at Six Nations dispensary [Video], 4% of Canadian cannabis licensees Indigenous-affiliated, with systemic barriers ‘baked into system’, Mohawks of the Bay of Quinte push back on annual Cannabis Cup, detours in place on Highway 49, Canada’s cannabis pardon program is failing. Neither the Six Nations Police Service nor Acting Deputy Chief David Smoke, the officer who investigated the complaints, responded to multiple emails and phone calls from the Star. “They are investigating themselves and I fear that this incident will get dismissed, as it is not being taken seriously,” Porter wrote in a letter to the council in March. According to Turtle Island News, the council said in May that there are several concerns about the police service, ranging from ignored emails to community complaints about a problem with the Six Nations police culture. The Youth Take Charge Program aims to strengthen youth attachment to Canada through engagement. “They’re untouchable,” Mike Davis, who was among the group arrested, said of the Six Nations police in a recent interview. He and Davis said officers refused to get the backpack containing Q-tips needed to clear Porter’s breathing tube. Importantly, she said, Indigenous communities must be supported, including financially, to develop whatever system is best. While the Youth Criminal Justice Act (YCJA) has reduced Canada’s overall youth incarceration rate in recent years, the relative proportion of detained Aboriginal youth has actually increased. Porter, who is not involved with the dispensary and arrived only moments before police, suffered a broken nose. “Six Nations Police smashed my face into the ground multiple times,” Porter said in a written summary of the incident, prepared for the Six Nations Confederacy Council. Here’s why, Indigenous cannabis dispensary grows in popularity after raids, BONOKOSKI: Not all First Nations are battening down the COVID-19 hatches, SNGR takes moment of silence ahead of general council; discussions on cannabis, elections and staffing changes, Confirmed Raids on Indigenous Dispensaries since Canadian legalization, Mississauga of Rice Lake Cannabis Association, Association of Canadian Cannabis Retailers, Federation of Sovereign Indigenous Nations, North Shore Anishinabek Cannabis Association. Andrea Levey admits that her frustration over the slow pace of change in the Edmonton Police Service (EPS) is being taken over with hope in the new leadership. Importantly, she said, Indigenous communities must be supported, including financially, to develop whatever system is best. We support youth-led projects that include activities in one or more of four thematic areas: Arts and culture Engages youth in Canada's arts and culture. His friend, Ryan Davis, was diagnosed with a concussion after he says he was punched in the head by an officer — “I remember saying, ‘Stop, you’re hurting me,’ like screaming (it),” Davis said. Instead, there has been “complete lack of accountability” surrounding what she called a disturbing use of excessive force. However, I am left feeling violated by the very people who are supposed to be safeguarding our community,” Ryan Davis wrote in a complaint to former Six Nations Police Chief Glen Lickers late last year. To order copies of “And no one gets to investigate them but themselves.”. Share. It’s a difficult role to be in. However, I am left feeling violated by the very people who are supposed to be safeguarding our community,” Ryan Davis wrote in a complaint to former Six Nations Police Chief Glen Lickers late last year. permissions/licensing, please go to: www.TorontoStarReprints.com. One suggested cause is the provocative over-policing of Indigenous people and the use of police discretion to arrest and charge, often through the use of the so-called ‘trifecta’ of charges – whereby police will approach an Indigenous person about their use of offensive language, and the abrasiveness of the confrontation will cause the situation to escalate and result in charges of resisting arrest and assaulting police. Porter said his ordeal began with an Oct. 9, 2019, raid of an alleged cannabis dispensary on Six Nations of the Grand River territory. Over-policing and under-policing are different sides of the same coin. Amanda Porter, a criminologist and researcher at the Melbourne Law School, says over-policing of Aboriginal youth is directly reflected in detention, bail and remand statistics. Over-Policing Black and Indigenous Lives. Suddenly, the teen’s life was in peril. Indigenous youth wonder: who is policing First Nations’ police? More than 300 children are on the NSW Police secret blacklist, half are Aboriginal and the youngest child targeted is nine years of age. POLICING INDIGENOUS AUSTRALIANS Arrest as a method of oppression. Police have wide discretionary powers over surveillance and intervention of individuals in public. 2. Sorry, your blog cannot share posts by email. read. Police take very seriously their obligations and responsibilities in relation to all people in police custody, including Aboriginal people and youths. Offensive language is punishable without needing to constitute a breach of the peace. According to a spokesperson for the Ministry of the Solicitor General, incoming changes to Ontario’s policing legislation will create civilian police oversight of officers employed by First Nation boards that choose to opt in. It’s critical that he avoid lying on his stomach — precisely what he says he was forced to do by police. NSW Police accused of ‘racist policing’, as Indigenous youth comprise more than half of those targeted by obscure Suspect Target Management Program (STMP). Rastafarians march for access to cannabis industry, B.C. The Program operates in accordance with the First Nations Policing Policy, a national framework for the provision of policing services in First Nation and Inuit communities. Abstract. If the OIPRD or SIU had been investigating, the complainants would have been interviewed and there would be a detailed report explaining the process and the outcome, she said. “This lack of oversight and accountability can only embolden (Six Nations Police) officers to participate in further abuse,” Friedman said. • When making an arrest, Aboriginal police should be better able to make certain that Aboriginal people understand what will happen in various court proceedings. However, not all have come to accept that it is a concern. It’s critical that he avoid lying on his stomach — precisely what he says he was forced to do by police. Constantly being harassed by police is a barrier to having a normal life. Assistant Commissioner /Public Release. This copy is for your personal non-commercial use only. Indigenous Australians made up 25% of children aged 10 to 18 subject to the laws in the same period. Saunders has been charged with 10 counts of fraud over $5,000, one count of theft over $5,000, one count of breach of trust and one count of uttering a forged document, according to police. The statistics suggest that Indigenous youth are far more likely to be charged, taken to court and refused bail than Non-Indigenous youth, who were more likely to receive a warning or caution. Suddenly, the teen’s life was in peril. With no options available, the men asked Six Nations police to bring in a third party, such as an outside police service, to investigate. Footnote 10 At the same time, Indigenous youth accounted for 50% of custody admissions, ... including policing, the courts and in corrections has been identified as a serious issue by the Supreme Court (e.g., R v Gladue, Footnote 17 R v Wells, Footnote 18 and R v Ipeelee Footnote 19) and by several commissions of inquiry for well over 30 years. Policing under the Suspect Targeting Management Plan is particularly harmful in criminalising already overpoliced Indigenous young people. Republication or distribution of this content is “I just want justice, and that’s something that hasn’t been on this reserve for a very long time, if ever,” said Mike Davis. Our role continues today, with the intent of rekindling trust and strengthening communications with the more than 600 Indigenous communities we serve. police cells at a rate over 26 times that of non-Indigenous people (see Figure 2). It will also create a new oversight option called the inspector general, which will monitor and inspect police services and boards, including those in First Nations communities that have opted in. Changes are coming, too, under the forthcoming SIU Act, said a spokesperson for the Ministry of the Attorney General, including giving the watchdog the “authority to enter into voluntary agreements with First Nations in Ontario to conduct or assist with investigations.”. 3 - Legislative diversionary measures have not positively affected Indigenous young offenders as compared to Caucasian counterparts. Canadians have a largely favourable view of police in their communities but Indigenous people, members of visible minority groups and younger … If it shifts or becomes blocked it could obstruct his airway, causing him to suffocate. I didn'tfuckin doit You can get fucked.' This legislation was co-developed with Indigenous partners with the goal of keeping Indigenous children and youth connected to their families, communities, and culture. Like many of Ontario’s First Nations communities, Six Nations is outside the jurisdiction of the province’s police watchdogs. Erick Laming, an Algonquin First Nation PhD candidate studying criminology at the University of Toronto, has interviewed Indigenous people living off and on reserve about their interactions with police, and says he’s heard many first-hand stories about police violence and victims having no recourse. (Submitted by Jason Harnett) When Amir … Applicants are Indigenous youth who are college or university students and interested in becoming police officers. “And no one gets to investigate them but themselves.”. Dallas Porter said the Six Nations Police Service officer grabbed him and slammed him onto the ground. This is true in both the adult and youth justice spheres. Toronto Star articles, please go to: www.TorontoStarReprints.com, The Toronto Star and thestar.com, each property of Toronto Star The Star sought comment from the elected council but did not hear back. But what that looks like — whether it be an oversight body, community council, a commissioner or ombudsperson — should depend on each community’s distinct needs. The survivor of a past suicide attempt, Porter, 19, requires a tracheostomy tube to breathe. Children as young as 10 are on a ‘secret police blacklist’ which harms Aboriginal youth, their families, and communities and is proven to not effectively combat crime, new research has revealed. The study addressed three research questions: 1. Unfortunately, indigenous over-representation issue is quite complex with interplay aspects that involve basic causal factors including historical, political, societal and economic factors. His friend, Ryan Davis, was diagnosed with a concussion after he says he was punched in the head by an officer — “I remember saying, ‘Stop, you’re hurting me,’ like screaming (it),” Davis said. His report recommended the province consider expanding the mandates of the SIU and OIPRD to include First Nations policing, “subject to the opting in of individual First Nations.”. “I also fear that the Six Nations police will do this to someone else, and the next person might not be so lucky.”. “This lack of oversight and accountability can only embolden (Six Nations Police) officers to participate in further abuse,” Friedman said. Indigenous youth wonder: who is policing First Nations’ police? Through the strategy, Indigenous communities and the government are building stronger bonds and improving services to meet the needs of Indigenous children and youth. update Article … Friedman is still asking Six Nations police to allow an outside body to investigate her clients’ complaints. If it shifts or becomes blocked it could obstruct his airway, causing him to suffocate. Allegations of police use of force against Indigenous people happen “way more often than the public even knows about,” Laming said. Systemic discrimination and negative stereotypes result in more Indigenous people being arrested, charged, and entering the criminal justice system. This woman, who I’ll call Grace, was 23 years old. When the new policing legislation comes into force — the regulations are still being drafted and there is no timeline — it will establish the Law Enforcement Complaints Agency (LECA), replacing the OIPRD. “I am dismissing this claim that you were treated inappropriately or unlawfully when you were arrested,” Smoke wrote in a letter addressed to Ryan Davis and reviewed by the Star. This will enable First Nations, Métis and Inuit communities to have a holistic, culturally-based and community-driven approach to children and youth services. A majority of offenders are arrested for the offence of offensive language. Porter and his friends are hopeful the review could bring accountability and say Indigenous communities should have access to police oversight when it’s warranted. Dallas Porter said the Six Nations Police Service officer grabbed him and slammed him onto the ground. Meanwhile, Styres and the Davises — all of whom were arrested and charged under the Cannabis Act, although the charges against Porter and Styres have been stayed — could have lodged complaints with the Office of the Independent Police Review Director (OIPRD), the province’s civilian police complaints agency. If the OIPRD or SIU had been investigating, the complainants would have been interviewed and there would be a detailed report explaining the process and the outcome, she said. Allegations of police use of force against Indigenous people happen “way more often than the public even knows about,” Laming said. During the incident, Porter and four other young men — who all live on Six Nations — allege at least six officers used unjustified force while arresting them on cannabis charges. Typical offenders include Indigenous Australians who are heavily over represented for the offence, and the victim is usually a police officer. High profile instances of police brutality against Black, Indigenous and racialized people, from the killing of Andrew Evans in 1978 to the killing of D’Andre Campbell, Chantel Moore and Ejaz Ahmed Choudry this year are not independent incidents, but part of this long-standing trend. We received hundreds of responses about racial profiling in policing. I was like, ‘How is this right’?”. Western Australian Police also issue Aboriginal drivers with more on-the-spot fines than other person in that state which suggests racist attitudes. I was like, ‘How is this right’?”. LGBTQ2S+ Community The VPD LGBTQ2S+ Liaison Officer works with community agencies to improve the safety of LGBTQ2S+ people in our city, which is the goal of the Safe Place program. The three other men who were arrested say they were also roughed up and remain traumatized by the incident, especially police treatment of Porter. Sun., June 28, 2020 timer 7 min. Star Newspapers Limited and/or its licensors. • They will be excellent role models for Aboriginal youth. Since police dismissed the men’s complaints, the Six Nations Elected Council has signalled an intention to launch a review of both the police service and its commission, although it’s not clear if the men’s complaints about the raid played a part in that decision. Andrew Harnett, 37, was killed while on duty on New Year's Eve, when a driver fled the scene of a traffic stop in Calgary. 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