objects that start with c
Officer, C.B., T.J. Smayda & R. Mann. How a 90s bus pass trial transformed London travel", "Oyster card: The highs and lows of Oyster", "Funding London Underground's investment programme", "Oyster card contractor fired after 1m failures", "TfL salvages Oyster brand in deal with EDS, Cubic", "TfL's famous Oyster card celebrates ten successful years making journeys easier for customers", "Oyster brand bought for 1m by Transport for London", "Transport for London to Discard Mifare Classic", "Make an Oyster watch and risk a fine, says TfL", "Mayor confirms 2011 fares at level signalled last year and protects all free and concessionary travel", "Refunds at ticket machines Transport for London]", "National Rail Enquiries Oyster issued", "TfL introduces Oyster 'One More Journey' on London's buses", "Mayor announces Oysterisation of Thames Clippers river services", "Application fee to be introduced for new Zip Oyster photocard applications from 1 September", "60+ London free travel National Rail map", http://www.tfl.gov.uk/cdn/static/cms/documents/pay-as-you-go-tarrifs-national-rail.pdf, "Free travel with a 60+ London Oyster photocard", "New deal brings Oyster and Barclaycard Visa onto one card", "Travel revolution: Oyster rail will cut fares by 30%", https://www.heathrowexpress.com/news/corporate-news-pr/2019/02/05/coming-soon-contactless-travel-on-heathrow-express, "Silverlink lines under new management as Mayor launches London Overground", "Gatwick and Surrey stations to accept Oyster cards and contactless payments", "Oyster to be extended to Gatwick and five stations across Surrey", "London Luton Airport awards first contract of redevelopment", http://content.tfl.gov.uk/adult-fares.pdf, "Tube Delays: How to claim a refund - Money Saving Expert", "We tested a really easy way to get automatic refunds for delayed Tube journeys", "One ticket for London as Oysterisation of rail and river confirmed", https://www.standard.co.uk/news.transport/london-buses-will-stop-accepting-cash-fares-from-summer-2014, "TfL makes it easier to top up Oyster cards while on the go", National Rail Oyster Pay as you go (PAYG) on National Rail, "TfL welcomes Oyster on London Midland services", "Train operators' Oyster acceptance welcomed", "Boris plans to 'Oysterise' overground rail services by next May", "You Are Leaving Zone 2: Please Have Your Exit Visa Ready", "Oyster PAYG On National Rail From 2Jan", "Oyster Pay As You Go on Heathrow Connect a Freedom of Information request to Transport for London WhatDoTheyKnow", "New option to pay for travel as TfL introduces contactless payments on London's buses", "Contactless payment on London Underground", "TfL to accept Apple Pay on public transport", "Android Pay accepted for pay as you go travel in London", "New York to Replace MetroCard With Modern Way to Pay Transit Fares", "Sydney to use London-style open payment technology", "The MBTA has a $723 million plan to change the way you pay for rides - The Boston Globe", "Adidas x TfL trainers: Huge queues for limited edition shoes that come with 80 Oyster card", "Anger at Oyster cards 'rip-off' as millions hit for not 'touching out, "MI5 seeks powers to trawl records in new terror hunt", "Archbishop's PA branded a fare dodger for 20p bus fare slip-up", "Student gets criminal record for sake of 90p", "Oyster overcharging at a station near you", "Rail passengers 'ripped off' by Oyster card system", "Thousands go free on Tube as Oyster breaks down again", "Oyster card glitch allows Londoners to travel for free across the capital", "Rail bosses bank 32m Oyster windfall from errors by passengers", "Where can I use my Oyster card on National Rail? The maximum fares for failing to touch out were introduced late 2006. If their journey began or ended at an intermediate station, they would be unable to touch out and consequently be liable for penalty fares or prosecution. Cancel or change route anytime. An Oyster card can hold up to three season tickets at the same time. However the Upass smartcard of the South Korean capital Seoul would eventually be the first to roll it out officially, at the end of 1995, eight years before London would as the "Oyster card". In return Transport for London agreed to open an office in the Venezuelan capital Caracas to offer expertise on town planning, tourism, public protection and environmental issues. [115], The police have used Oyster card data as an investigative tool, and this use is increasing. Can be used for a maximum of one day only and can not be reloaded with credit. If travelling on a route outside Zone 1 via Willesden Junction, the fares are 4.10 and 1.80 respectively, which can be charged correctly if the Oyster card is validated at the pink validator when changing trains at Willesden Junction. This is because when the passenger touches the reader with their Oyster card, not only will the refund go on to the card, but a new journey will start. Found inside647 cable rates , Pacific . 997 canal , Panama , affecting trade . 437 Jewell , J. F. ( consul , Vladivostok ) , trade review , annual report . 254 Jewett , M. A. ( consul 888 oyster industry . 1032 tobacco , cultivation . Tesco Bank: Foundation Credit Card: If you spend 1,200 at an annual interest rate of 27.5% (variable) your representative APR will be 27.5% APR (variable). [56], Traditionally, oysters are considered to be an aphrodisiac, partially because they resemble female sex organs. In three to seven years, the oyster can produce a perfect pearl. Their nervous system includes two pairs of nerve cords and three pairs of ganglia. Integrative and Comparative Biology, Vol. [65] Depuration expands beyond oysters into many shellfish and other related products, especially in seafood that is known to come from potentially polluted areas; depurated seafood is effectively a product cleansed from inside-out to make it safe for human consumption. Using his considerable knowledge of hydraulics, he built a sophisticated cultivation system, including channels and locks, to control the tides. Found insideYou have to be sure to touch your Oyster card on the readers (which are clearly signposted) as you enter and leave. For instance, a cash fare on the Tube in Zone 1 costs 4.70, while with an Oyster Card it costs 2.20. The user will be asked to nominate and make a journey from a specific Tube, DLR, London Overground or National Rail station, or Tram stop. The cards performed the same as any other card and also include all the same text, apart from a differentiating line (listed below), and the London 2012 logo. One year at 10% would cost you 100 (10% of 1,000), so over six months you'd pay about half that. Unlike most shellfish, oysters can have a fairly long shelf life of up to four weeks. [64], Oyster card holders (PAYG, Travelcard or Freedom Pass) receive discounts on the Emirates Air Line cable car service across the River Thames between Greenwich and the Royal Docks, which opened in June 2012. This is a toothed bar attached to a chain bag. If you live in a London borough and youre aged 60 and over then you can apply for a 60+ Oyster Card. [45], The accidental or intentional introduction of species by humans has the potential to negatively impact native oyster populations. London Overground services are operated by Arriva on behalf of TfL and Oyster pay-as-you-go users use their cards in the same way as on Underground journeys, touching their card on a card reader at the entry and exit points of their journey to calculate the fare due. You can read more about Oyster cards on the Transport for London website. Criticism was also levelled at train operating companies for failing to provide adequate warnings to passengers about Oyster validity on their routes and for not installing Oyster readers at certain stations. These are produced in limited quantities but otherwise function as standard Oyster cards. Details of caps for extension stations can also be found on the TfL website. FAO Fisheries Technical paper. Some oysters also harbor bacterial species which can cause human disease; of importance is Vibrio vulnificus, which causes gastroenteritis, which is usually self-limiting, and cellulitis. Cash is no longer accepted on London's buses and trams and, in order to encourage passengers to use Oyster or contactless, cash fares for tubes and trains are generally much more expensive than PAYG fares. [14][15][16][17] Oysters consume nitrogen-containing compounds (nitrates and ammonia), phosphates, plankton, detritus, bacteria, and dissolved organic matter, removing them from the water. [40] Proposals for further such introductions remain controversial. The Oyster card has a claimed proximity range of about 80mm (3inches). [130], A further system failure occurred two weeks later on 25 July 2008, when pay as you go cards were not read properly. The current market is dominated by the larger Pacific oyster and rock oyster varieties which are farmed year-round. The pink validators are located at 15 interchange stations. While Oyster pay-as-you-go users could legally travel along those lines to certain destinations, they were not permitted to board or alight at intermediate stations. All adult Oyster cards purchased online or by phone are fully registered. [97], By June 2010 over 34million cards have been issued of which around 7million are in regular use. An oyster reef can increase the surface area of a flat bottom 50-fold. Upscale restaurants pair raw oysters with mignonette sauce, which consists primarily of fresh chopped shallot, mixed peppercorn, dry white wine and lemon juice or sherry vinegar. Barclaycard was selected in December 2006 to supply the card,[54] but the project was then temporarily shelved. Found inside Page 300 Oyster Card (Table 1) as its member card for accessing its cars, Switzerland's Mobility CarSharing is a cooperative; members can buy a subscription to the service for about the cost of four years of annual membership fees (Spinak, Residents who are over 60 but who do not qualify for a Freedom Pass can obtain a similar 60+ Oyster Card for a single fee. [105], TfL designed and coded the contactless payment system in-house, at a cost of 11m, after realising existing commercial solutions were inflexible or too focused on retail use. Well-known contaminants include Vibrio parahaemolyticus, a temperature-sensitive bacterium found in seawater animals, and Escherichia coli, a bacterium found in coastal waters near highly populated cities having sewage systems discharging waste nearby, or in the presence of agricultural discharges. This credit is used as 'extension fare' when users travel beyond the zones in which their Travelcard is valid. On cards issued since February 2020, the 5 deposit has become a card fee and will be repaid as credit to the card on the first transaction made more than a year after issue; it is no longer repayable. Ecosystem Influences of Natural and Cultivated Populations of Suspension-Feeding Bivalve Molluscs: A Review. = River: PAYG only available on Thames Clipper; Travelcards only provide discount, not valid for travel. On any day in the late 19th century, six million oysters could be found on barges tied up along the city's waterfront. In July 2016, cash became the deprecated form of payment for travel on London Buses, with TfL heavily promoting the use of a contactless card or Oyster card. They apply in addition to the National Rail Conditions of Travel. [12], The Oyster card was set up under a Private Finance Initiative (PFI) contract between Transport for London (TfL) and TranSys, a consortium of suppliers that included EDS and Cubic Transportation Systems (responsible for day-to-day management) and Fujitsu and WS Atkins (shareholders with no active involvement). [60], London Oyster Cards and contactless cards will be accepted on many Southern, Gatwick Express and Thameslink services in early 2016. Freedom Passes issued to qualifying persons are also an English National Concessionary Bus Pass. Readers transmit the transactions to the back office in batches but there is no need for this to be done in real time. The system has the capability to interface with equipment or services provided by other suppliers. Oysters are low in food energy; one dozen raw oysters provides only 460 kilojoules (110 kilocalories). [10][full citation needed] Other large oyster farming areas in the US include the bays and estuaries along the coast of the Gulf of Mexico from Apalachicola, Florida, in the east to Galveston, Texas, in the west. This disease mainly affects Pacific oysters (, This page was last edited on 5 September 2021, at 16:47. [52] This is because the concessionary bus travel scheme is centrally funded by government, but the Oyster 60+ and the Freedom Pass's validity on Tube, tram and rail networks is funded locally by the Greater London Authority. Thameslink Railway is a trading name of Govia Thameslink Railway Ltd. (Bivalve Depuration: fundamental and practical aspects. Pearls can form in both saltwater and freshwater environments. The validity of PAYG has a more complex history as it has only been gradually accepted by transport operators independent of TfL. They Probably Wish We'd Clam Up", "How the Pacific Oyster Responds to Ocean Acidification: Development and Application of a Meta-Analysis Based Adverse Outcome Pathway", "Let's Cook Japanese Kaki Furai (Oysters Deep-Fried in Breadcrumbs)", "Nutrition Facts and Analysis for Mollusks, oyster, eastern, wild, raw", "Nutrients for 2 oyster, NFS, raw (28 g) Oysters, raw", "Pearly wisdom: oysters are an aphrodisiac", "Raw Oysters Are Alive Until You Eat Them, In Case You Didn't Know", "Safely Cooking Oysters and Other Molluscan Shellfish", "Vibrio vulnificus: Disease and Pathogenesis", World of Boats (EISCA) Collection ~ Fal Oyster Boat, Sunny South, Oyster farming in the Rivers Crouch, Roach and Blackwater of Eastern Essex, The Big Oyster: History on the Half Shell, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oyster&oldid=1042564840, Dishes involving the consumption of live animals, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Old French (842-ca. The Trophic Consequences of Oyster Stock Rehabilitation in Chesapeake Bay. 2007 Tutankhamun and the Golden Age of the Pharaohs exhibition at the O2. Oyster-shucking competitions are staged around the world. Opening or "shucking" oysters has become a competitive sport. The State mandated that the Town collect a surcharge of $3.00 for unneutered dogs and $1.00 dollar for neutered dogs. This triggers spawning in the rest, clouding the water with millions of eggs and sperm. In 2014, Transport for London became the first public transport provider in the world to accept payment from contactless bank cards. [61], Depuration of oysters is a common industry practice and widely researched in the scientific community but is not commonly known by end consumers. In 2005 Ken Livingstone (then Mayor of London) began a process of trying to persuade National Rail train operating companies to allow Oyster PAYG on all of their services within London, but a dispute about ticketing prevented this plan from going ahead. Pearl oysters are not closely related to true oysters, being members of a distinct family, the feathered oysters (Pteriidae). While some oysters have two sexes (European oyster and Olympia oyster), their reproductive organs contain both eggs and sperm. The Mifare Classicwhich is also used as a security pass for controlling entry into buildingshas been criticised as having very poor security, and NXP criticised for trying to ensure security by obscurity rather than strong encryption. Hope is believed to be the last-built Connecticut oyster sloop, completed in 1948. Customers claiming a refund must do so within 28 days of the overcharge. Many species of bivalves, oysters included, seem to be stimulated to settle near adult conspecifics. 2009. These make a distinctive noise when tapped, and are known as "clackers". Found inside Page 34Any card player will tell you that he has had the same experience, but with one the oyster is all important and with the other the lobster. Cards may be "topped-up" by recurring payment authority, by online purchase, at credit card terminals or by cash, the last two methods at stations or ticket offices. In late 2005 the Advertising Standards Authority ordered the withdrawal of one such poster which claimed that Oyster pay as you go was "more convenient" than Travelcards with "no need to plan in advance". A replacement for lost or stolen cards costs 10 and involves applying for a replacement card online or by calling the Oyster helpline. There will also be a weekly price cap for those using a Contactless card or mobile device; but it will still be cheaper to buy a season ticket on the Key Smartcard or paper, Childrens ZIP Oyster cards, London Freedom Pass, 60+ London Oyster photocard and Veterans Oyster photocard holders CANNOT travel free on these routes. [39] All major contactless cards are accepted which carry the 'contactless symbol', however tourists are advised to check with their bank before travel for validity details. Found inside Page 148Fares with Oyster Card (New Malden to Waterloo + Zone 1 Anytime fare) current at May 2015 (TfL 0845 748 4950 or 0845 330 9876). 4) 5) 6) 7) DIRECTIONS LABOUR RATE DUCTWORK The annual cost of notional 148 Material Costs/Measured The card operates as a RFID system and is compatible with ISO/IEC 14443 types A and B. The initial version mimicked the blue design of the card itself, and was later modified to include the line "Please reuse your card" on the front. The maximum Oyster fare applies even if the daily price cap has been reached as this does not count towards the cap. [140][141], The complexity of Oyster validity on these routes was criticised for increasing the risk of passengers inadvertently failing to pay the correct fare. Almost all shell-bearing mollusks can secrete pearls, yet most are not very valuable. (2017): Geologically oldest oysters were epizoans on Early Triassic ammonoids. Tram passengers arriving in Wimbledon must not touch out on the card reader on the Tramlink platform, but must touch-out to exit via the station gates. There is a constraint in the design, that requires a journey to be made via a nominated station, before auto top-up can be enabled. Found inside Page 3Programme/project costs 48 million. oyster. Transport re The Oyster" card is an electronic smartcard, introduced in 2003, as port of the Prestige Project, a private finance 14 million Running costs part of annual budget of c. Marine Ecology Progress Series. Recycled glasses are then distributed to people in need in low & middle income communities. Today, it would take nearly a year. New Oyster cards are not available at most National Rail stations and termini. Patent tongs can be lowered on a line to reach beds that are too deep to reach directly. ), (Code of Practice for fish and fishery products (first edition) Rome 2009. WHO and FAO, (Impact of water salinity and types of oysters on depuration for reducing Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) Feb 2013 Sureerat Phuvasate, Yi-Cheng Su), Learn how and when to remove this template message, United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, Food and drink prohibitions Crustaceans and other seafood, "A History of the Cultured Pearl Industry", "Native oyster species in Surigao del Sur draws attention for R&D | eVolved", "China harvests almost 4 m tonnes of oyster in 2005", "A dozen ocean-cleaners and a pint of Guinness, please", "Oyster Restoration Projected to Provide Significant Boost to Bay Grasses While Removing Nitrogen Pollution from the Bay", "International Workshop on Bioextractive Technologies for Nutrient Remediation Summary Report", http://www.loxahatcheeriver.org/pdf/FIU_NOAAMonitRpt_2011.pdf, "FAO Fisheries & Aquaculture - Aquatic species", "Oysters Are on the Rebound in the Chesapeake Bay", "NY/NJ Baykeeper | Protect, Preserve, Restore", "Invasive Species Threaten Critical Habitats, Oyster Among Victims", "Yes, Oysters Can 'Hear.' They are protandric; during their first year, they spawn as males by releasing sperm into the water. Found inside Page 288Boxing - gloves cost about 10s . a set . Singlesticks cost about 28. various parts of the world , who have seut us cards with seasonable greetings . The statistics also detailed a "top ten" of stations where maximum fares were being collected, notably Waterloo and London Bridge.
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